before the victorian era, in the west we had this tendency to treat children as "little adults." the victorian developed the idea of "toy books", colorful picture books for pre-school children (an new market for graphic design). walter crane is one of the most influential designers of children's pictures books (above, top, Crane's Railroad Alphabet, 1865, being a notable example).
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tom, dick and harry, by talbot baines, circa 1910
the germans had struwwelpeter, a kind of edward scissor hands