On a standard sheet of white paper, draw (ink) an essential ritual object of yours, following a continuous vector line. Rehearse it, but the end result should be as simple —and succinct as possible.
Thursday, January 18, 2024
project for next week
On a standard sheet of white paper, draw (ink) an essential ritual object of yours, following a continuous vector line. Rehearse it, but the end result should be as simple —and succinct as possible.
This design is referred to as "the most influential car of the 20th century"
the "T" is regarded as the first affordable automobile, which made car travel available to middle-class Americans. The relatively low price was partly the result of Ford's efficient fabrication, including assembly line production instead of individual handcrafting. It's studied in economics as "fordism."
an ubiquitous mark: the mobile phone
No graphic object is isolated. The more "natural" is appears, the more culturally indicative it is
a different take on column marks.... typeface
take these examples, above, from egyptian architecture. compare with this h typeface:
shaft =stem
foot = base
capital = head (serif or sans serif)
from now on, you can see arches as Hs.
the reason for column marks (why do ancient doric columns have flutes?)
Take a look at this example of Doric columns. They are shallow and always end in a sharp ridge, unlike the Ionic flutes that always had a narrow, even plane between the flutes (called fillets).
Why the fluting?
1- they add dynamics to the column by emphasizing both verticality and roundness
2- they add a counterpoint between the flutes and the round form of the column (this is the ceremonial look to the temple)
See the difference between a flute and no flute.
the mark as colossal design (very rare these days)
The Behistun Inscription (also Bisitun or Bisutun, Modern Persian: بیستون ; Old Persian: Bagastana, meaning "the god's place or land"), a multi-lingual stone inscription approximately 15 meters high and 25 meters wide, located on Mount Behistun in Kermanshah Province, near the city of Kermanshah in western Iran.
The inscription was written by Darius I, the Great, sometime between his coronation as Zoroastrian king of kings of the Achaemenid, or Persian, Empire in the summer of 522 BCE and his death in autumn of 486 BCE.
What we get here is sheer size and visibility. Darius I was bigger than life, so size and visibility were paramount. Needles to say, the narrative depicted in the inscription was a local token for the peoples of Persia.
Today, political messages don't show in that manner (unless we are in a place like North Korea).
How the mark takes on the myth as animal form
Another point about marks: they take the animal form. why?
Animals are crucial for our survival, which is why we worship them.
Here, the mark becomes a vulture, inscribed into a relief in an ancient Egyptian frieze. The vulture symbolizes protection and maternal care.
So, the mark follows the myth. and the myth becomes decoration, which appears in temple ceilings, headdresses, cornices, armor, etc.
The scarab was considered to represent the creation of life. It appears in reliefs, amulets, decoration of columns, etc.
who made these design decisions? the craftspeople? the priesthood?
the mark following nature (the lotus)
this Egyptian column shows impressive dexterity. for detail symmetry, etc., here the mark follows its own possibility of formal variations. The designer just followed the possibility already implicit in the formal shape of the flower. When you doodle and keep doodling, follow the formal essence of the design, for example, the ellipse.
the first selfie?
the scribe, Sesh, wearing a knee-length kilt, his arms raised to present a papyrus roll and possibly a writing palette. the sketch is signed with the hieroglyph of "scribe", consisting of a palette with wells for red and black ink, shoulder strap, water pot and red pen.
typeface = chair, building
the hieroglyph is a pictogram. pictograms are pictures of objects. any object.
for instance, a chair can be seen as a pictogram of a building-structure .
above, intersections & superimpositions of buildings photographed from below. Do they look like letters or chairs?
the social character of written language becomes inscribed in its design
Trajan's Column, circa 114, CE. |
Below are the formal capitals inscribed on the base of the column, which are considered the pinnacle of Roman letter design (called Trajan typeface). These letters are remarkable for their elegance and consistency and the harmony of their proportions (though they were not used with the help of a compass or ruler). The serif effect is obtained by the chisel's indentation on the stone's surface.
the best hypothesis of scholar and Father Edward Catich is that the type form was first sketched using a flat square-tipped brush, using only three or four quick strokes to form each letter. the characters were cut in the stone by the same person (not as some supposed by a scribe and stone mason), and the illusion of form is created by shadow.
SENATUS POPULUS QUE ROMANUS IMPERATORI CAESARI DIVI NERVAE FILIO NERVAE TRAIANO AUGUSTO GERMANICO DACICO PONTIFICI MAXIMO TRIBUNICIA POTESTATE XVII IMPERATORI VI CONSULI VI PATRI PATRIAE AD DECLARANDUM QUANTAE ALTITUDINIS MONS ET LOCUS TAN
graphic codes distinguished broad categories of written language during the classical period
Tetradrachm signed by Eucleidas circa 405-400 bC.
Obverse side: A female charioteer drives a fast quadriga, holding reins in hand and raising a flaming torch while Nike is flying to crown her.
Reverse side: Head of Athena facing three-quarters wearing double-hook earrings, a necklace of pendant acorns with central gorgoneion-medallion, and a triple-crested Attic helmet. On both sides, two dolphins swim downwards.
What's the deal?
The coin embodies value and serves as a cultural symbol.
Coinage is an act of collective faith grounded in social conventions.
You believe that it has intrinsic value. that's it!
earliest shorthand
keep in mind that the activity of writing needs to be ritualistic but also economical. the rituals for the priesthood and kingly classes as they are presented for the use of the masses. They, however, used writing in its quick abbreviated form. As long as we have writing, we have abbreviated means, fast, economical.
\shorthand\
The earliest known example of a shorthand writing system is the Acropolis stone (Akropolisstein), which was discovered in the Athenian Acropolis in 1884 and preserved in the British Museum (Brit. Mus. Add. Ms. 33270).
The marble slab shows a writing system primarily based on vowels, using certain modifications to indicate consonants.
2G2BT = too good to be true
303 = mom
404 = I haven't a clue
*$ = starbucks (?)
99 = parent no longer watching
143 = I love you
the mark of the dead
The Book of the Dead, used by the ancient Egyptians as a set of instructions for the afterlife, is considered to be one of the first illustrated manuscripts. In the earlier versions, the scribe designed the manuscript. If it was to be illustrated, blank areas were left that the artist would fill in as best he could. Then, the vignettes became more important and dominated the design.*
We've lost that magic connection we used to have with our dead.
______________________
*check this link for a detailed discussion of many of the illustrations.
a brief history of writing
Writing comes with the Bronze Age circa 4th millennium BCE in Sumeria. The development of Egyptian hieroglyphs is also parallel to that of the Mesopotamian scripts, and not necessarily independent.
Check this user-friendly link to understand the origins of writing.
from pictograph to early word
pictographs evolve into words through a slow process of picture/idea selection.
pictographs are basically drawings that represent a physical object and are used to communicate ideas. they originated in around 9,000 BC in cultures everywhere, including ancient civilizations like mesopotamia and ancient egypt.
pictographs, ancient egypt
mayan script
look at the evolution in time of the script for the word "head."
the Hammurabi Code
this is one of the oldest existing codes. it contains 282 laws. the text contains a list of crimes and their various punishments, as well as settlements for common disputes and guidelines for citizens' conduct.
the idea is that once you see the the slab in open display, no one could plead ignorance of the law as an excuse.
the mark of fertility (venus of willendorf, circa. 30,000-40,000 B.C.)
pre-alphabet marks
these markings constitute a design form. the design is pervasive to the form, but the form itself is an idea, i.e., a "mental mark." and the mental mark comes from the actual practice of the culture.
so, to "design" is to feel the practice of the culture.
early graffiti?
this is a paleolithic mark, the most basic form of graphic expression and design. but the imprint has a curious existence: a mark that is a sign of the self is also always other than the self. i call it ancient graffiti: anonymous, quick, ephemeral; the artist's purpose is to leave a mark behind, a trace of presence.
marks on the wall, art or ritual?
Cave art is generally considered to have a symbolic, ritual, or religious function, sometimes all at once. The exact meanings of the images remain unknown, but some experts think they may have been created within the framework of shamanic beliefs and practices. One such practice involved going into a deep cave for a ceremony during which a shaman would enter a trance state and send his or her soul into the otherworld to make contact with the spirits and try to obtain their benevolence.
Some of these animals are extinct—cave lions, mammoths, woolly rhinoceroses, cave bears, etc. Later on, we see horses, bison, aurochs, cervids, and ibex. Rarely do we see birds.
Most cave art consists of paintings made with either red or black pigment. The reds were made with iron oxides (hematite), whereas manganese dioxide and charcoal were used for the blacks.
the arch (then perfected by the romans)
the elamite tomb (dated 1500 BC) contains a parabolic vault which is considered one of the earliest evidences of arches in Iran.
how did they get it?
a true arch is composed of wedge-shaped blocks (typically of a durable stone), called voussoirs, with a key stone in the center holding them into place. the weight is transferred from one voussoir down to the next, from the top of the arch to ground level, creating a sturdy building tool.
the God of writing: Ashurbanipal
TO NABÛ, EXALTED LORD, WHO DWELLS IN EZIDA, WHICH IS IN NINEVEH, HIS LORD: I ASHURBANIPAL, KING OF ASSYRIA, THE ONE LONGED FOR AND DESTINED BY HIS GREAT DIVINITY, WHO, AT THE ISSUING OF HIS ORDER AND THE GIVING OF HIS SOLEMN DECREE, CUT OFF THE HEAD OF TE'UMMAN, KING OF ELAM, AFTER DEFEATING HIM IN BATTLE, AND WHOSE GREAT COMMAND MY HAND CONQUERED UMMAN-IGASH, TANMARIT, PA'E AND UMMAN-ALTASH, WHO RULED OF ELAM AFTER TE'UMMAN. I YOKED THEM TO MY SEDAN CHAIR, MY ROYAL CONVEYANCE. WITH HIS GREAT HELP I ESTABLISHED DECENT ORDER IN ALL THE LANDS WITHOUT EXCEPTION. AT THAT TIME I ENLARGED THE STRUCTURE OF THE COURT OF THE TEMPLE OF NABÛ, MY LORD, USING MASSIVE LIMESTONE. MAY NABÛ LOOK WITH JOY ON THIS, MAY HE FIND IT ACCEPTABLE. BY THE RELIABLE IMPRESS OF YOUR WEDGES MAY THE ORDER FOR A LIFE OF LONG DAYS COME FORTH FROM YOUR LIPS, MAY MY FEET GROW OLD BY WALKING IN EZIDA IN YOUR DIVINE PRESENCE.
ancient graphic design (Altamira)
many of the paintings at ancient Altamira appear to have been airbrushed, a sophisticated technique.
this is the photoshop of ice age hunters.
what is this mark appealing to? ritual symbols. worship? totem? a bit of everything.
see the "eye" of the face has been outlined in black.