Augsburg, Germany (1609)
Considered the first newspaper to establish the conventions of the medium
The London Gazette (1687)
Publick Occurences (1690), American Colonies
* The invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century marked the beginning of mass communication. This allowed for the widespread distribution of books, newspapers, and posters, creating a demand for structured layouts, typography, and visual hierarchy—key elements of graphic design.
* (Typographic development) The press facilitated the creation and refinement of different typefaces. Over time, designers experimented with fonts, leading to the development of serif, sans-serif, and decorative typefaces used in modern design.
* (Growth of Advertising and Branding) Newspapers and magazines became major platforms for advertising, requiring visually appealing layouts and branding elements. This led to innovations in layout design, illustration, and color theory.
The public sphere is a virtual arena where opinion is created.